[BC] 110 V DC

[Robert Meuser]

 From what I know a lot of New England is on a DC intertie from Quebec. 
That is why they were not part of the black out.

R



PeterH5322 wrote:

>>During a cold snap in 1977 clocks gained about 30 seconds over a week in 
>>New England; to maintain voltage they had to run the generators (and 
>>thereby the grid) overspeed for a long enough stretch that they were were 
>>unable to correct the error. Instead they just announced it in the press a 
>>couple weeks later. I was surprised by this as I'd grown up in BPA-land 
>>(the largest unit of synchronized power on the planet) where one thing we 
>>could always count on was 60 hz.
>>    
>>
>
>Could work for small, unconnected systems, but not for large, 
>interconnected systems.
>
>The "equal area" stability criteria would be violated long before there 
>was any perceptible variation in time, and the stability of a 
>interconnected system takes precedence over time maintenance.
>
>The Western System, which my group at LA Department of Water & Power 
>designed, is interconnected from Canada to Mexico and from the Rocky 
>Mountains to the Pacific ocean, Including BPL.
>
>It takes but a small unit, specifically one of Hoover's, to maintain 
>system frequency. We had a "sensitive" reed-type frequency meter in our 
>Load Dispatcher's office, and it always read 60.0000... Hz, except when 
>there was a system-wide disturbance, such as the Sylmar Earthquake, which 
>caused the immediate separation of LADWP from BPL, and the consequent 
>loss of 1,400 MW of generation capacity.
>
>BPL is interconnected to LADWP through a 1,0000 kV dc line, so the 
>frequencies between the these two independent agencies is determined 
>largely by the ac intertie, which interconnects BPL with "investor owned" 
>utilities, which are also partners in the Western System.
>
>As long as systems remain interconnected, and the "equal area" stability 
>criteria is maintained, the time will read the same, everywhere.
>
>There was never an attempt to "make up time" by overspeeding any units.
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